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          16进制编辑器
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        <h1 id="0x00-前言"><a href="#0x00-前言" class="headerlink" title="0x00 前言"></a>0x00 前言</h1><p>今天我们来复习一个古老的玩意 “16进制编辑器”<br>首先上图</p>
<img src="/2021/09/29/hex-editor/ArtHexEditor.GIF" class="">

<p>由图可见Hex编辑器由以下几个布局区域组成</p>
<ul>
<li>左侧：地址偏移区</li>
<li>中间：16进制区</li>
<li>右侧：字符区</li>
</ul>
<p>大部分Hex编辑器都遵循这种布局</p>
<span id="more"></span>

<h2 id="几个基础的概念"><a href="#几个基础的概念" class="headerlink" title="几个基础的概念"></a>几个基础的概念</h2><ul>
<li>1个二进制数</li>
<li>1个16进制数</li>
<li>1对16进制数</li>
<li>bit</li>
<li>byte</li>
</ul>
<p>众所周知，当前我们这个世界线里的计算机底层是由二进制组成，计算机是由逻辑电路组成，逻辑电路通常只有两个状态，开关的接通与断开，这两种状态正好可以用“1”和“0”表示。不排除平行空间有其它进制的可能性，比如三进制等</p>
<p>一位二进制能容纳两个数<br>16 = 2^4</p>
<p>所以容纳16个数需要4个二进制位<br>0000 ~ 1111</p>
<p>表示为16进制数则是<br>0 ~ f</p>
<p>16进制的进位计算为<br>f + 1 = 10</p>
<p>bit: 二进制位<br>byte: 字节</p>
<h1 id="0x01-实战16进制编辑器"><a href="#0x01-实战16进制编辑器" class="headerlink" title="0x01 实战16进制编辑器"></a>0x01 实战16进制编辑器</h1><p>首先我们在命令行创建一个txt文件，并且写入一段字符串</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">echo &quot;Hello, hexyl is a very nice hex editor\!&quot; &gt; hex.txt</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>然后我们用hexyl打开刚才这个文件</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">hexyl hex.txt</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>显示结果为</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">┌────────┬─────────────────────────┬─────────────────────────┬────────┬────────┐</span><br><span class="line">│00000000│ 48 65 6c 6c 6f 2c 20 68 ┊ 65 78 79 6c 20 69 73 20 │Hello, h┊exyl is │</span><br><span class="line">│00000010│ 61 20 76 65 72 79 20 6e ┊ 69 63 65 20 68 65 78 20 │a very n┊ice hex │</span><br><span class="line">│00000020│ 65 64 69 74 6f 72 21 0a ┊                         │editor!_┊        │</span><br><span class="line">└────────┴─────────────────────────┴─────────────────────────┴────────┴────────┘</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ul>
<li><p>48, 65, 6c 分别代表一个字节，也就是一对（两个）16进制数，取值范围为 00 ~ ff</p>
</li>
<li><p>左侧为地址偏移单元，是按字节为单位的，每一行存储16个字节，取值范围 00000000 ~ 0000000f<br>00000000 00000001 00000002 00000003 … 0000000a … 0000000f<br>所以第二行为<br>00000010 00000011 00000012 00000013 … 0000001a … 0000001f<br>从上到下依此类推</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p>然后我们来数一下一共有多少个字节<br>8 字节/组 X 5组 = 40 字节</p>
<p>所以这个文件的大小是 40B</p>
<p>用ll验证一下</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">➜  ~ ll -h</span><br><span class="line">total 0</span><br><span class="line">-rw-r--r-- 1 lee lee 40 Sep 27 10:15 hex.txt</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>如果要从一个大文件的hex编辑器里看出文件大小，则使用地址栏来计算<br>比如上面文件<br>找到最后一行地址 00000020<br>16进制20，转为10进制为32，意思是这一行前面已经装了32个字节了<br>然后看这一行额外还有8个字节，则 32 + 8 = 40 字节</p>
<p>如果我们的最后一行的地址号为 N<br>N + 最后一行剩余字节数，转10进制 就是总的字节数<br>验证一下</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">hexyl apt</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">│00004910│ 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ┊ 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 │00000000┊00000000│</span><br><span class="line">│00004920│ 5c 40 00 00 00 00 00 00 ┊ 34 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 │\@000000┊40000000│</span><br><span class="line">│00004930│ 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ┊ 04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 │00000000┊•0000000│</span><br><span class="line">│00004940│ 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ┊ 01 00 00 00 03 00 00 00 │00000000┊•000•000│</span><br><span class="line">│00004950│ 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ┊ 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 │00000000┊00000000│</span><br><span class="line">│00004960│ 90 40 00 00 00 00 00 00 ┊ 34 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 │×@000000┊4•000000│</span><br><span class="line">│00004970│ 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ┊ 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 │00000000┊•0000000│</span><br><span class="line">│00004980│ 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ┊                         │00000000┊        │</span><br><span class="line">└────────┴─────────────────────────┴─────────────────────────┴────────┴────────┘</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>最后一行 4980， 剩余字节 8个，总数为 4988 对应10进制 18824<br>大概为 18.8k</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">➜  bin ll apt</span><br><span class="line">-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 19K Jan 14  2021 apt</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h1 id="用16进制编辑器查看java-class文件"><a href="#用16进制编辑器查看java-class文件" class="headerlink" title="用16进制编辑器查看java class文件"></a>用16进制编辑器查看java class文件</h1><p>我们现在试试用16进制编辑器查看下 Java 的 class 文件</p>
<p>首先我们创建一个类别</p>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">package</span> com.liiijz.user;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">User</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">private</span> Long id;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">private</span> String name;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">private</span> String sex;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">┌────────┬─────────────────────────┬─────────────────────────┬────────┬────────┐</span><br><span class="line">│00000000│ ca fe ba be 00 00 00 34 ┊ 00 15 0a 00 03 00 12 07 │××××0004┊0•_0•0••│</span><br><span class="line">│00000010│ 00 13 07 00 14 01 00 02 ┊ 69 64 01 00 10 4c 6a 61 │0••0••0•┊id•0•Lja│</span><br><span class="line">│00000020│ 76 61 2f 6c 61 6e 67 2f ┊ 4c 6f 6e 67 3b 01 00 04 │va/lang/┊Long;•0•│</span><br><span class="line">│00000030│ 6e 61 6d 65 01 00 12 4c ┊ 6a 61 76 61 2f 6c 61 6e │name•0•L┊java/lan│</span><br><span class="line">│00000040│ 67 2f 53 74 72 69 6e 67 ┊ 3b 01 00 03 73 65 78 01 │g/String┊;•0•sex•│</span><br><span class="line">│00000050│ 00 06 3c 69 6e 69 74 3e ┊ 01 00 03 28 29 56 01 00 │0•&lt;init&gt;┊•0•()V•0│</span><br><span class="line">│00000060│ 04 43 6f 64 65 01 00 0f ┊ 4c 69 6e 65 4e 75 6d 62 │•Code•0•┊LineNumb│</span><br><span class="line">│00000070│ 65 72 54 61 62 6c 65 01 ┊ 00 12 4c 6f 63 61 6c 56 │erTable•┊0•LocalV│</span><br><span class="line">│00000080│ 61 72 69 61 62 6c 65 54 ┊ 61 62 6c 65 01 00 04 74 │ariableT┊able•0•t│</span><br><span class="line">│00000090│ 68 69 73 01 00 16 4c 63 ┊ 6f 6d 2f 6c 69 69 69 6a │his•0•Lc┊om/liiij│</span><br><span class="line">│000000a0│ 7a 2f 75 73 65 72 2f 55 ┊ 73 65 72 3b 01 00 0a 53 │z/user/U┊ser;•0_S│</span><br><span class="line">│000000b0│ 6f 75 72 63 65 46 69 6c ┊ 65 01 00 09 55 73 65 72 │ourceFil┊e•0_User│</span><br><span class="line">│000000c0│ 2e 6a 61 76 61 0c 00 09 ┊ 00 0a 01 00 14 63 6f 6d │.java_0_┊0_•0•com│</span><br><span class="line">│000000d0│ 2f 6c 69 69 69 6a 7a 2f ┊ 75 73 65 72 2f 55 73 65 │/liiijz/┊user/Use│</span><br><span class="line">│000000e0│ 72 01 00 10 6a 61 76 61 ┊ 2f 6c 61 6e 67 2f 4f 62 │r•0•java┊/lang/Ob│</span><br><span class="line">│000000f0│ 6a 65 63 74 00 21 00 02 ┊ 00 03 00 00 00 03 00 02 │ject0!0•┊0•000•0•│</span><br><span class="line">│00000100│ 00 04 00 05 00 00 00 02 ┊ 00 06 00 07 00 00 00 02 │0•0•000•┊0•0•000•│</span><br><span class="line">│00000110│ 00 08 00 07 00 00 00 01 ┊ 00 01 00 09 00 0a 00 01 │0•0•000•┊0•0_0_0•│</span><br><span class="line">│00000120│ 00 0b 00 00 00 2f 00 01 ┊ 00 01 00 00 00 05 2a b7 │0•000/0•┊0•000•*×│</span><br><span class="line">│00000130│ 00 01 b1 00 00 00 02 00 ┊ 0c 00 00 00 06 00 01 00 │0•×000•0┊_000•0•0│</span><br><span class="line">│00000140│ 00 00 03 00 0d 00 00 00 ┊ 0c 00 01 00 00 00 05 00 │00•0_000┊_0•000•0│</span><br><span class="line">│00000150│ 0e 00 0f 00 00 00 01 00 ┊ 10 00 00 00 02 00 11    │•0•000•0┊•000•0• │</span><br><span class="line">└────────┴─────────────────────────┴─────────────────────────┴────────┴────────┘</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>u1 无符号1个字节<br>u2 无符号2个字节<br>u4 无符号4个字节</p>
<h2 id="魔数与版本号"><a href="#魔数与版本号" class="headerlink" title="魔数与版本号"></a>魔数与版本号</h2><p>0 ~ 8 位</p>
<ul>
<li>ca fe ba be 咖啡宝贝</li>
<li>5, 6 位为次要版本号 00 00 十进制 0</li>
<li>7, 8 位为主要版本号 00 34 十进制 52 则版本为 52.0 jdk 1.8.0</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="常量池入口"><a href="#常量池入口" class="headerlink" title="常量池入口"></a>常量池入口</h3><p>2个字节 constant_pool_count 常量池字节数<br>constant_pool_count - 1 个字节</p>
<h1 id="wireshark-抓包实验"><a href="#wireshark-抓包实验" class="headerlink" title="wireshark 抓包实验"></a>wireshark 抓包实验</h1><img src="/2021/09/29/hex-editor/R-C.jpg" class="">
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